Monolithic Dome Survives Engulfing Flames of California Wildfire
September 25, 2002
by Freda Parker
photos provided by Ruth and Al Braswell
August 11, 2002: The Bryant Fire
What should have been a quiet, ordinary, Sunday-in-August afternoon for Al and Ruth Braswell, wasn't. In fact, it was anything but that -- all because of one troubled 16-year-old boy who allegedly started a brush fire in an olive grove at the end of Bryant Street in Calamesa, California.
That olive grove sits only about a mile from the Braswells' home: three Monolithic Domes in an aerodynamic design, perched on a 1500-foot ridge. Heat rose up to and above the 100-degree mark that hot, dry afternoon, so the fire spread rapidly. Within a short time, the Bryant Fire reached the surrounding wall and outlying buildings at the Braswell estate.
Al's Story
Ruth and I were not home when the fire started. We were up in the mountains that weekend, raking dry leaves away from our cabin -- ironically -- to keep it safe from fire.
On our drive back, about a mile from home, we spotted the smoke. Then we saw all the fire equipment, including a fire engine in our driveway. I went over and said, "You guys are a welcome sight with that blaze down there." A fire captain walked over to me and asked, "Are you the owner?"
I answered affirmatively and he said, "You have two minutes to get what you want out of this house and get out of our way." He was brusque -- all business -- but we understood, of course.
We ran in, got a little file of current paperwork and some pictures and got out.
Ruth's Story
A fire captain from a neighboring county came over and asked, "What's this thing (the dome) made of?" We told him, and he said, "Well, you do know that if this structure had been made of normal construction that you would have a pile of ashes now."
He then told us that at one point the firefighters thought they would have to abandon fighting and give up on saving our house. Then they saw that it could withstand the fire, so they decided that if any of their crew got in trouble, they were going to break the doors down and put the guys in the dome so they would be safe.
I said, "You would not have to break the doors down. I unlocked them all for you." And they stuck it out. They had to move their trucks three times, but they did it.
How Fire-Susceptible Is Polyurethane Foam?Thoughts On The Bryant Fireby David B. South I first heard about the Bryant Fire from Barry, Al and Ruth Braswells son, a few weeks after it happened. Barry described the fire's magnitude and stressed how delighted they were with the dome's ability to withstand those flames. I was not surprised to learn that the dome won the battle. Polyurethane FoamAs for the polyurethane foam, it burned because it had no covering. If the foam had had a fire-proof barrier, such as 3/4" of stucco, it's very unlikely that there would have been enough fire to cause any damage. Urethane foam either burns really well, or it does not burn. The Bryant fire must have reached 750 to 1000 degrees F in order to have ignited the foam. The foam won't support combustion by itself. Its kindling point is about 750 F degrees. |
Engulfing Flames
At the Braswells, the Bryant Fire first attacked a free-form, faux rock wall, about 30 feet long, built to conceal their swimming pool and protect pool equipment. The wall extended from the edge of their ridge to the garage.
Al said, "We had not yet stuccoed this wall. It was rebar in raw foam that was painted to preserve the foam, but not really covered. The wall burned completely -- left a tangled looking mass of rebar -- and it was what conducted the fire to the garage and then our home.
"We had added about an eight-foot foam extension onto the garage, so the garage door would be outside, rather than inside, the garage dome," Al continued. "That extension was also raw foam, so it burned right up to the stucco of the dome proper.
"The fire went right over the top of our house, down the hill, and caught on the other side," Al said. "We had vines covering most of the dome. The fire came from the west so the vines burned completely on the dome's west side and were badly damaged on the east side.
"I had an old, oak snag (dead tree) with branches sticking up through the patio roof to give it a rustic look. The fire came over the dome and devoured that tree."
Dome Survives
"That was a wild, wild fire," Al concluded. "But it didn't get our home."
The Bryant Fire did, however, destroy the electrical box on the outside of the dome and cause smoke damage on the inside. Consequently, the Braswells could not live in their dome home for more than six weeks after the fire, while the electrical system was repaired, painting completed and carpeting replaced.
Additional losses for the Braswells included three antique vehicles, a foam machine, a compressor, a utility trailer and miscellaneous equipment, for an estimated total of about $300,000.
The Total Picture
According to the Riverside County Fire Department, the Bryant Fire destroyed 550 acres of hillside, threatened about 250 dwellings and 15 outbuildings, and prompted 150 residents to voluntarily abandon their homes.
It took 675 firefighters, 21 supervisors, 87 engines, 26 hand crews, 2 bulldozers, 6 water helicopters, 11 airplanes dropping fire retardant, more than 24 hours of intense fire fighting and an additional 2 days cooling hot spots to finally extinguish the Bryant Fire. In the process, several firefighters required treatment for heat sickness, knee and ankle injuries. Estimated cost of damages: $2.5 million.
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